( Varnai and Marshak, 2002 Zinner et al., 2006 Varnai and Marshak, 2007 Vant-Hull et al., 2007 Liang and Di Girolamo, 2013 Grosvenor and Wood, 2014).Įspecially at a higher spatial resolution, effects caused by geometry variationĪre of important influence ( Zinner et al., 2006 Zinner and Mayer, 2006).Ī method based on high-resolution cloud reflectivity measurements in the Strongly affect the passive remote sensing of cloud microphysical properties In addition to simple vertical cloud extent, other aspects of cloud geometry (split window techniques, CO 2 slicing e.g. Layers from two or more thermal channels' observation differences More complex thermal techniques also relax theīlack body assumption to derive cloud heights for semi-transparent cloud Which can be converted to a height if the temperature profile is known The observed brightness temperature is interpreted as cloud top temperature, The assumption that a cloud emits thermal radiation as a black body emitter, Through the use of observations in the thermal spectral range for the vertical. For satellite techniques, this is often achieved Techniques need additional information sources in order to assign a location Techniques providing an immanent distance measurement, passive remote sensing Knowledge of cloud vertical or lateralĮxtent does not only allow for a first-order estimate of the total waterĬontent, but also allows their contribution to the radiationīalance of the climate system to be estimated. Information on the location and extent of clouds is central for any assessment of Typically 1–10 km horizontal and vertical extent. If this offset is considered, typical differencesįound are 1.6 km for distance and 230 m for vertical position at a typicalĭistance around 20 km between sensor and convective cloud elements of A systematicĭifference of 3.8 km between the stereo and spectral method is found which canīe attributed to 3-D geometry effects not considered in the method's Properties, variable surface albedo and aerosol distribution. The main sources of uncertainty are unknown in cloud absorption pathĬontributions due to complex 3-D geometry or unknown microphysical UncertaintyĮstimates due to method, instrument and environmental factors are provided.
Independent camera) demonstrates the efficiency of the approach.
A comparison toĭistance and height information from stereo image analysis (using data of an It is shown that, depending on aircraft altitude and sensor viewingĭirection, an unambiguous relationship of absorption and distance exists andĬan be used to retrieve cloud geometrical parameters. Horizontal distance and eventually vertical height were derived. Measurements of cloud-side-reflected radiation in the oxygen A absorptionīand collected by specMACS were used to determine absorption path lengthīetween cloud sides and the instrument aboard the aircraft. Profiles of phase or effective radius from cloud side observations, vertical Microphysical information for sun-illuminated cloud sides. Remote sensing with the imaging spectrometer specMACS provided cloud Microphysical profiles during the burning season were studied. Processes of the Main Precipitation Systems in Brazil: A Contribution toĬloud Resolving Modeling and to the GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement)) aircraft campaign in September 2014 over theĪmazon, among other topics, aerosol effects on the development of cloud During the ACRIDICON-CHUVA (Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation,Īnd Radiation Interactions and Dynamics of Convective Cloud Systems–Cloud